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A stalemate is an automatic draw, as is a draw due to impossibility of checkmate. In games played under time control, a draw may result under additional conditions. The rules allow for several types of draws: stalemate, threefold or fivefold repetition of a position, if there has been no capture or a pawn being moved in the last fifty or seventy-five moves, if checkmate is impossible, or if the players agree to a draw. It is now standard practice to score a decisive game as one point to the winner, and a draw as a half point to each player. In the 19th century, some tournaments, notably London 1883, required that drawn games be replayed however, this was found to cause organizational problems due to the backlog. For example, a draw could be called after a move or two, but this would likely be thought unsporting. Ethical considerations may make a draw uncustomary in situations where at least one player has a reasonable chance of winning. Unless specific tournament rules forbid it, players may agree to a draw at any time.

Under the standard FIDE rules, a draw also occurs in a dead position (when no sequence of legal moves can lead to checkmate), most commonly when neither player has sufficient material to checkmate the opponent.

Draws are codified by various rules of chess including stalemate (when the player to move is not in check but has no legal move), threefold repetition (when the same position occurs three times with the same player to move), and the fifty-move rule (when the last fifty successive moves made by both players contain no capture or pawn move). In chess, there are a number of ways that a game can end in a draw, neither player winning. A king and one bishop versus a king cannot create a checkmate on either player.